鯉形目(Cypriniformes)是輻鰭魚綱·骨鰾總目其中一目。本目為淡水魚裡最大的一個目,有 4個亞目 23科,涵蓋 400個屬和 4’250 個種。鯉形目魚類特別是鯉亞目的魚類對各種淡水環境,通常有很強或特異的適應能力。如:對水溫的適應、對氧氣的要求、對水層的適應、食性…等。
- 雙孔魚亞目:雙孔魚科(Gyrinocheilidae)、
- 亞口魚亞目:亞口魚科(Catostomidae)、
- 鰍亞目:頰鬚鰍科、蛇鰍科、沙鰍科、梵條鰍科、鰍科、爬鰍科、腹吸鰍科、低唇魚科、條鰍科、
- 鯉亞目: 鱊科、鯉科、鿕科、鮈科、雅羅魚科、微鯉科、巽他鿕科、唐魚科、鯝科、細鬚魮科、裸吻魚科、丁鱥科、
◎ 讓魚安心洄游的道路
https://youtu.be/leL4H8kHhVc (2015/06/09)
雙孔魚亞目
雙孔魚亞目:雙孔魚科(Gyrinocheilidae)
亞口魚亞目
亞口魚科(Catostomidae)
鰍亞目
鯉亞目
- 鯉科:
- 鯝科:
鱊科、鯉科、鿕科、鮈科、雅羅魚科、微鯉科、巽他鿕科、唐魚科、鯝科、細鬚魮科、裸吻魚科、丁鱥科、
鯉科
鯉科(Cyprinidae)是鯉形目下種類最多的一個科,涵蓋:370屬 3’000多種。中國有 132屬 532種和亞種,其中包括鯉魚、鯽魚…等常見魚類。鯉科魚的特徵是有魚鬚、咽齒沒有脂鰭。最大的鯉魚:巨暹羅鯉(Catlocarpio siamensis)長達 3公尺、300公斤。黃鰭結魚(Tor putitora)長達 2.75公尺、54公斤。結魚(Tor tor)體長約 2公尺、9公斤。在北美分支中的尖頭葉唇魚(Ptychocheilus lucius)單體記錄為 1.8公尺、45公斤。
最小的鯉魚體長不足 5公分,如:透體小丹發育成熟後體長僅 11公釐, 2006年發現的微鯉更僅有 7.9公釐。
鯉科的所有成員均為卵生,大部分不保護他們的卵;只有一些種類會建魚窩或護卵,如:鰟鮍類的魚會將卵產於貝類體內,新生的小魚,直到有能力生存後才離開寄主。
§ 高身鏟頷魚為鯉科·白甲魚屬(Onychostoma|約 23種)的一個種,又稱:高身鯝魚。
https://youtu.be/ufuqQnCW5Bk (2017/05/17)
鯝科
圓吻鯝、
鯝科(Xenocyprididae),為輻鰭魚綱·鯉形目·鯝科的一個科,超過 40屬 160種。
臺灣鯝(俗稱苦花),這個在台灣山地溪流頗負盛名的淡水魚類。常見的魚:大眼華鯿、圓吻鯝、高身鯽、平頜鱲、翹嘴鮊、高體鰟鲏、青魚、羅漢魚、中間鰍鮀、平頜鱲、石賓、白條、鱅、鯽、紅鰭鮊、臺灣副細鯽、齊氏田中鰟鮍、陳氏鰍鮀、短吻小鰾鮈、飯島氏頜鬚鮈、何氏棘魞、高身白甲魚、臺灣馬口魚、鯉、平頜鱲、粗首鱲、高體高鬚魚、臺灣鬚鱲、菊池氏細鯽、高身小鰾鮈…等。
圓吻鯝

https://youtu.be/Ly1AqTAWoIY (2022/07/12)
圓吻鯝(Distoechodon tumirostris)輻鰭魚綱·鯉形目·鯝科的一種初級淡水魚,臺灣俗稱:鯁仔、憨魚或阿嬤魚,最大體長約 35公分,分布於臺灣北部以及宜蘭地區河系的湖沼,但是現存數量並不多。圓吻鯝魚體側扁而略延長、頭部小,口小下位、吻圓鈍突出。魚體銀白色,鱗片細小,背部顏色較深,成熟雄魚的腹鰭和臀鰭邊緣淺橘紅色,尾鰭叉形,體長可超過 40公分。圓吻鯝棲息於河川及湖泊中、下層水域,屬雜食性,以石頭上的附著藻或底泥為食,成長速度緩慢,環境忍受度高。
§ 礁溪鄉龍潭湖圓吻鯝
https://youtu.be/wjiF1k7S1Ao?t=348 (2018/08/23)
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